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S. E. BOYNTON.

LAST LATHE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 11, l9l8.

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LAST LATHE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 11, 191B.

Patented Dec. 14, 1920'.-

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LAST LATHE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY II, I9I8.

Patented Dec. 14,1920.

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LAST LATHE. APPLlCATlON FILED MAY H, 1918.

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LAST LATHE.

:APPLl-CATION FILED MAY H, 1918.

Patented Dec. 14, 1920.

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LAST LATHE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY H, 1918.

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Patented Dec. 14, 1920.

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LAST LATHE.

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LAST LATHE.

- APPLICATION FILED MAYH, 1918.

Patented Dec 14,1920.

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LAST LATHE.

' APPLICATION HLED MAY H, 1918-;

Patented Dec. 14, 1920.

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LAST LATHE.

APPLICATION FILED MAY H, 1918.

1,362,1 5, Patented Dec. 14,1920.

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S. E. BOYNTON.'

LAST LATHE.

APiLlCATlON FILED MAY 11, 1918- i cla.

UNITED STATES PATENT; OFFICE.

STANLEY E. BOYN'ION, OF ROCHESTER, NEW YORKQASSIGNOR TO FITZ-EMPIRE DOUBLE PIVOT LAST COMPANY, OF AUBURN, MAINE, A CORPORATION OF MAINE.

LAST-LATHE.

1,se2,1s5.

Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Dec, 14,, 192() Application filed May 11, 1918. .Serial No. 234,012.

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, STANLEY E. BOYN- TON, a citizen of the United States, residing at Rochester, in the county of Monroe and State of New York, have invented certain Improvements in Last-Lathes, of which the following description, in connection with the accompanying drawings, is a specification, like reference characters on the draw ings indicating like parts in the several figures.

This invention relates to pattern copying, or the production of objects having a systematic resemblance to a pattern used as a guide or templet, and is disclosed as cmbodied in a last lathe. Many of the principles and features of the invention are of broad application to the entire class of pattern copying machinery including the production of objects having less than three dimensions, such, for example, as patterns for soles, shoe uppers, clothing, etc., and accordingly I do not intend that all the appended claims hall be limited in scope to pattern reproducing machinery of the last making or even of the three-dimensional type, and I have therefore in many of the claims used words and terms in a generic sense as applying to the broad class of machinery of the pattern reproducing type.

It is well-known that the ordinary width grading mechanism is unsatisfactory in that it causes a vertical distortion or bowing'down of the sole profile of lasts wider than the model and vica versa. It has been proposed to correct this by shifting the model about one of its ends, in its own vertical plane, during the turning. This changes the position of the instantaneous axis of rotation of each model section at the time of its reproduction, and thus displaces the reproduced section in the last out. For example, by raising the model in cut ting from the, toe to the ball, and lowering it again in cutting from the ball to the heel breast portion, the entire ball and instep part of the last out will be raised relatively to the toe and heel, without affecting the actual width or room in the last.

A machine built as described has a defect due to the fact that it tips the model and that therefore the thinsections or differential elements which are successively reproduced are not strictly parallel. Such a machine bends the last produced instead of merely shifting plane laminae in it differentially, and the distortion produced is sometimes objectionable.

The invention contemplates broadly the movement of the model or work or both,

to the particular problem discussed. In an- ,70

other aspect, my invention contemplates broadly the independent relative shifting between each model end and the corresponding block end during the last cutting,

in the same or in different (and not neces-,

sarily opposite) directions. More broadly still, I contemplate altering arbitrarily, during the last cutting, the relation between the two relative movements one of which takes place between the model wheel and the entire model supporting means and the other of which takes place between the cutter and the entire work supporting means. The term entire signifiesthat the entire supporting means is concerned in the accomplishment of the function, though different parts of the supporting means, for example, the two model dogs, need not have exactly the samerelation' to the operation.

I further contemplate that the alteration mentioned (which in the machine shown is produced by shifting the model ends) shall be controlled throughout the last cutting, and shall be performed at any desired constant or variable rates. A machine per-\ forming these functions or any of them embodies an important feature of the invention. I amthus enabled, for example, to move the ends of the moved body e uall Y and thus to insure ri id arallelism q Th e P between the successively displaced and reproduced sections of the model and block.

This latter aspect of the invention may be regarded somewhat differently. The pattern copying lathe, as known before the present invention, consisted essentially of four principal instrumentalities, viz., a I model wheel, a model holder, a tool and a work holder which might be considered as related each to a mechanical axis of rota- 1 1 0 n; the 6 tion, the relations between the mechanical axes of the cutter and block being governed by the distance between those of the model wheel and model, as determined by the contact between the model wheel and model. The present invention effects a profile control by rotating one of the principal instrumentalities bodily about its mechanical axis of rotation while in a displaced relation to that axis of rotation, the displacement bein one of pure translation.

In another view of the matter, the model, for example, may be considered as having fixed within itself an axis of its own, the line joining the toe tip to the heel center, which is normally coincident with the mechanical axis of rotation. The present invention may be conceived as displacing this axis upon the mechanical axis, and rotating it about the mechanical axis while the model is rotating about the fixed model axis just as it would do'if the two axes were coincident.

An important feature of the invention consists in effecting the shifting movement through a member so constructed as to move, in accomplishing the shifting, proportionally to the shift produced. This member is preferably controlled by a cam, and the development of a cam required for any desired function is therefore simple.

Another very important feature of the invention resides in anovel grading mech anism arranged to cause relative movement at any arbitrarily variable velocity between two carriages. An important feature 'of the mechanism consists in constructing it so that the points of attachment of the carriages to the lever move in straight lines instead of curves, so that entire uniformity in the grading ratio may be secured. Another important feature of the invention consists in means for varying the uniformity of this grading action at will, and in any desired manner. In the machine shown a differential gear mechanism'is used, controlled preferably by a cam of arbitrary form.

Tore, again, I effect the irregular action desired by a member whose movement is rigidly proportional to the effect produced by it on the grading mechanism, so that the development of any required cam offers no great difliculty.

These and other features of the invention, comprising various combinations and arrangements of parts, will be better understood from the following description of embodiment thereof in a last lathe shown in the accompanying drawings in which:

Figure 1 is a front elevation of the machine.

Fig. 2 is a plan of the machine.

Fig. 3 is an end elevation of the machine.

Fig. 4 is an end elevation of the driving mechanism.

Fig. 5 is a plan view of the cutter and model wheel carriages and width grading mechanism.

Fig. 6 is a sectional view of the dog shift ing mechanism. v

Fig. 7 is an end elevation of the dog shifting mechanism.

Fig. 8 is a detail of the dog shifting mechanism.

Fig. 9 is a rear elevation of the model carriage.

Fig. 10 is a detail of the grading mechamsm.

Fig. 11 is a detail of the cutter suspenslon.

Figs. 12 and 13 are details of a gearing adapted to out either a pair or two identical lasts.

Fig. 14 shows the clutch at the instant of disengagement.

Figs. 15 and 16 show a modification of the dog-shifting mechanism.

Figs. 17 and 18 are sectional views on the line 1T18 of F ig. 2.

An electric motor 10 has a gear 12 on its shaft engaging a gear 14 on a shaft 16. A pair of change gears 18, 20 are keyed to the shaft 16, meshing with gears 22, 2 1-, respectively,splined on a shafu 25 and which are connected to a gear 26 keyed on the-shaft 25 through a device 28 operated by an arm on a shaft 32, arranged to connect either pair of gears by means of the splines according to the orientation of the shaft 32. The gear 26 drives a gear 34 rigidly mounted with sprocket 36 which is connected by a procket chain 38 with a sprocket 10 loose on a shaft 12. The sprocket 40 has clutch teeth at 14: engaging a sleeve 46 keyed on the shaft 42 which carries a gear 48. The shaft 12 extends throughout the length of the machine. The gear 18 engages a pinion 50 which throughits keyed shaft 53 and a splined spur gear 55 also keyed on the shaft operates a system of change gears which are shiftable by the handle 52. This handle, as shown in Fig. 2, shifts sidewise the gears 5% and 55 to place the gear 54: in mesh with any one of the gears 56, 58 and 60, all keyed on their shaft, and the latter gear meshes with the ear 62 which drives a pinion 6 1 on a shaft 66 threaded throughout most of its length and which is mounted at its outer end in the main frame of the machine at 68. The screw 66, through asuitablc split nut, not shown, but operated by a handle 67, engages a carriage 70 which slides upon guides 72 horizontally arranged on the front of the frame of the machine. The carriage 70 carries a guide 73 upon which slides a casting 75 in which are mounted, vertically one above the other, two dead centers 7% and 7 6 each arranged to engage the toe end of a last block, the centers being adjustable by the screws and handles at 7 8 and 80. The

- .beyond the ends of the machine.

casting 75 can thus be adjusted to accommodate lasts of widely varying lengths, the final clamping operation being performed by the handles 78 and 80. The screw '77 will clamp the casting 75 firmly upon thecarriage 70. Horizontally axially alined with these centers are the corresponding live centers 82 and 84 rotatably mounted in the carriage 7 0 and driven by a system of gearing in the box 86 operated by a gear 88 splined on the shaft 42. The gears in the box 86 may be so arranged as to drive the live centers 82 and 84 in the same or opposite directions and will preferably be constructed to effect similar or dissimilar rotation of the live centers at will.v This is accomplished by inserting into or removing from the connecting train an extra gear wheel, as is well known to workers in this art. See Figs. 12 and 13.

The rear side of the machine carries at each end a standard 90, these standards being connected by an arched beam 92 having horizontal guides 94 at its opposite 1 sides, see Fig. 7. Upon these guides is the model carriage which comprises a slide 96 running on the guides 94 to which is suspended the model toe and heel dogs 98 and 100. These members are suspended in boxes 102 and 104, respectively, which contain gearing which will be described and from which project two long shafts 106 and 108, respectively. These shafts extend through hearings in the standards 90 and extend out The dog operating mechanisms are both alike and the description of one will suffice, see Fig. 6. The dog 100 is pivotally mounted on a slide 110 at 112 and has two pins'114 playing in slots in the slide in order to'permit a slight up and down swinging movement of the dog. The slide 110 has an internal rack 116 by means of which it can be moved up and down on guideway 118. The dog 100 is driven through a sleeve 134 by a gear 120' which meshes with an idler gear 122 operated by a gear 124 which is splined on a shaft 126 having a bevel gear 128 at its end driven from the shaft 42 by means of the bevel gears 130 and the counter shaft 132. The gear 130 meshes with a bevel gear 131 keyed on the shaft 42 and the gearing is so proportioned that the model center 100 and the block centers rotate at the same speed. The guideway 118 is mounted integrally with the sleeve 134, which is keyed to the gear 120 and also to a collar 136 on which are mounted two pinions 138 in the same plane which engage a spur gear 140 loosely mounted upon the shaft 142. Keyed to the shaft 142 which is mounted rotatably in the spindle 134 is another collar 144 carrying two corresponding pinions 146 also engaging the spur gear 140. These two sets of idler pinions are surrounded by and mesh with two circular internal gears 148 and 150, respectively, the former of which is fixedly mounted upon the model carriage and the latter of which is carried by a spider 152 rotatably mounted in the carriage co-axially with the shaft 142. This spider is keyed to the shaft 108. The shaft 142 carries on its inner end a pinion 154 in mesh with the rack 116. I When the gear 120 iscausing the model center to rotate, the collar 136 is also carried around at the same angular velocity and thepinions 138 roll it. The gear 150 will then operate the pinions 146 as levers, they being fulcrumed upon the gear 140, and will cause the shaft 142 to revolve or advance ahead of its former position, which will operate the rack and pinion mechanism at 116, thus moving the model center up or down, considered relatively to the model, as the case may be.

I The model dogs 98, 100 are longitudinally, adjusted to approximate position by a slid.-

ing movement between the slide 96 and the gear carrying casing 104. The sllde and clamp screws permitting this movement are illustrated at 157, 158 in Fig. 7. One dog,

shown as the toe dog in Fig. 9, is also longitudinally adustable relative to its carrier by any convenient, preferably screwoperated means 159, (Fig. 9) as will be well understood by workers in this art.

The model carriage carrying frame work 92, at the back of the machine, has mounted in it a shaft 160 which extends longitudinally of it about half its length and another shaft 162 co-axial with the former shaft and extending the remainder of the length of the frame. The shaft 160 carries two arms 164 and 166. The arm 164 carries a roller 168 at its end and the arm 166 is connected to a link 170, which. is connected to a slotted arm 172 pivoted at 174 on the standard 90 with a link 176 adustably connecting the arm 156 with its slot. The slot is so arranged that the link 176 can be adjusted either side of the pivot 174 so that the same movement of the link 17 0 can be made to cause movement in either directionas desired of the arm 156 and consequently of the model center 100. The shaft 160 is operated by a'cam 178 of any desired size and shape, adjustably mounted upon the model carriage. This cam, therefore, will operate the shaft 160 in" any desired way as the turning of the last proceeds and will therefoiccause any desiredmovement of the model center 10.0.

The shaft 162: has a corresponding arm 180 with a roller 182 operated by a cam 184 on the model carriage and an a-rm 186 connected to; a link 188 which operates an entirely similar mechanism at the other end of the frame for controllingtheother'model center. The shaftsv 106 and 108, as stated, are splined in the members to which the arms 156 are attached so that as the model carriage moves back and forth the arms 156 which are mounted on the ends of the main machine frame may continue to control them. Mounted on the front of the model carriage supporting. frame are two more shafts 190 and 192.. The shaft 190 carries two: operating arms with rollers 19% and 196, operated by cams198, 200, mounted on the model carriage, and carries at its outside end an arm 202 connected to a link 204 ongaging a pivoted slotted lever 206, the pur pose of which will be later described. The shaft 192: has an arm and roller 208 which are operated by a cam 210 mounted on the modelcarriage like all the other cams. The shaft 192 carries a bevel gear 212, meshing with a bevel pinion 21 2, on the shaft which operates the change speed device 30 when the proper point in the cutting has been reached, it being the custom to turn at a different rate of speed at the toe than at the shank and heel. The running back of the carriages to initial position is accomplished by the operator after loosening the split nut (operated by handle 67) and thereby disengaging the block carriage from the screw 66. This will disengage the cam 210 and the roller 208 and permit the roller 208 to return to lowest position with the first used pair of speed gears 18, 20, 22, 24: engaged. All of the arms on the shafts 160, 162 and 190, 192 may be held in their lowermost positions by suitable springs 216.

The model carriage and the block carriag are connected by a grading lever 218. T

l 11s lever is slidably mounted upon a block 220 which is pivotally mounted upon another block 222 which in turn is slidably mounted on a slide 22d fixedly mounted on the main frame of the machine. These two blocks can be simultaneously moved along their slides to a suitable calibrated scale when the grading lever is parallel to the slide 224: which will occur when the carriages are in the position they occupy at the end f the cutting of the last. (Fig. 52- shows them at the beginning of the last cutting operation). When the blocks have been placed as desired, each one is clamped to its slide by the screws 226. The grading lever 218 is then free to turn about the pivotal axis of the two blocks and the two ends of itwill move with velocities whose ratio depends upon the position of the pivotal axis of the blocks. A ixedly mounted upon the frame of the machine isa rack 228 and slidably mounted at 229 on the frame of the machine is another rack 230. Correspondingi-acks 232 and 284: are fixedly mounted upon the block carriage and model carriage, respectively. These racks mesh with pinions 236 and 238', respectively, which are pivotally mounted upon blocks 240 and. 242 slidably mounted in two pairs of guides in the end of the grading lever. Nhen the block carriage is driven by the screw 66 it will move the rack 282 over the pinion 236-which will rotate 0n the rack 228, thus causing the grading lever 218 to swing and causing a similar relative movement between the racks and pinion at its other end. This will cause the model carriage to move in the opposite direction to the block carriage at a. velocity which is strictly proportional to that of the block carriage. Although the pinions slide in the grading lever, yet their distances from the center of rotation to the grading lever are always strictly proportional and depend upon the position of the pivotal centers of the blocks 240 and 242. A handle 244i is mounted upon the pinion 236 and enables the operator to move the carriages back and forth by hand when the split nut is disconnected from the screw 66.

The sliding rack 230 is moved back and forth by a threaded rod 246 the threaded portion of which is engaged by a pinion 24:8 mounted in the frame of the machine and operated by a rack 250, vertically moving in a slide on the main frame. The rack 250 is adjnstably connected by a link 252 to the pivoted slotted arm 206, as will be easily understood, and is operated by the cams 198, 200. above described.

The cutter carriage 254 is mounted to more rectilinearly on guides 256 mounted in the main frame of the machine. These guides slope downwardly and backwardly at an angle, in the machine shown, of about 15 The cutter carriage carries two cutting instrumentalities 258, 268, which are prefermounted directly upon the shafts of inoe ondently operating motors 270, 276, the shafts forming an angle of about 30 with the line of centers of the blocks and the cutinstriunentalities being substantially Year-shaped or conical, with the large ends nearest the work.

The model wheel or guide carriage 272 is m unted to run on rectilinear guides or s. deways 274E parallel to the cutter carriage guides 256 and likewise mounted on the frame of the machine. Both the cutter and model wheel carriages have roller bearings engaging the guides, as shown, and are linked together by any convenient width grading mechanism. 1 have shown a lever 276 having a pin and slot connection 278 with the main frame and pivoted to the cutter carriage at 280. This lever carries a sliding block 282 the position of which maybe adjusted to a calibrated scale by the screw 284., gear mechanism 286 and handle 288. as desired. Pivoted to the block 282 is a link 290 the other end of which is pivoted to the model wheel carriage at 292. When the block 282 is adjusted wlth the pivotal center of the link directly over the center 280, the width produced by the machine will correspond to that of the model. When the block 282 is adjusted as shown in Fig. 5 the model wheel carriage will move faster than the cutter carriage and the last out will consequently be narrower than the model, and vice versa. The model wheel carriage has a slide 294 adjustable by the screw 296 upon which is mounted the model wheel itself 298. This corresponds in shape with the finishing portion of the cutting instrumentality,but is sloped at an opposite angle as shown in Fig. 5, which places it at the same angle with the axis of the model, it being noticed that the model and block are pointed in opposite directions inasmuch as their carriages are moved in opposite directions.

The gear 50 carries a plurality of pins 300 which contact with a lever 302 at each revolution. This lever which is pivoted on the shaft 66 has an arm 304 which normally rests against the pin 306 and carries at its forward end a horizontally sliding pin 308 having rounded extremities 309 and 309*. The movement of the pins 300 will therefore cause the pin 308 to be raised and then dropped again owing to the weight of the front portion of the lever 302, each time a pin 300 passes the rear end of the lever 302. A hand lever 310 pivotally mounted at 311 is arranged to shift the sliding sprocket collar 40 and has on its rear face a projection 312 which can be placed either side of a spring detent 314 to hold the clutch teeth 44 on the sprocket in either engaged or disengaged position relatively to the corresponding clutch teeth on the shaft 42. The lever 310 has a horizontally projecting arm 316, which, when the clutch is engaged, projects to the left in Fig. 1, to a position which does not intersect the vertical path of the end 309 when the pin 308 is in its Fig. 1 position, but projects enough'to be struck by 309 when the pin 308 is slid to the right in Fig. 1. When the block carriage approaches its rightmost position and the cutting of the last is finished, a cam member 318 on the ex treme right end of the block carriage will move into a position which is closer to the member 316 than the length of the member 308. The member 318 is somewhat above the lowest position of the member 308 and when the carriage has reached the position mentioned the next pin 300 which passes the lever 302 will raise the member 308 and force it to the right by contact of the end 309 with the cam 318. As it continues to rise, it will jam (Fig. 14) between the members 318 and 316, and force the lever 310 to the right to disengage the clutch teeth at 44, thus stopping the operation of the machine. The pins 300 are so placed and the gearing is so timed that this disengagement will come at a time when the blocks have their normal vertical planes inthe plane of the frame 70 so that the removal of the blocks and the insertion of new blocks will be facilitated.

The machine will be initially constructed so that the two block axes and the two cutter axes will be parallel to the plane of the sliding cutter carriage and so that the corresponding cutterand block axes will be at the same distance from this plane. This will insure proper working when cutting either right and left lasts at once or when cutting two rights or two lefts. An adjustment of the cutter axis toward and from the block axis may be necessary, owing to wear and adjustment of the cutters, and is provided as follows:

The motor which operates the cutter is clamped on a carriage 320, which is pivoted at 322 on an axis parallel to the axis of the cutter. A set screw 324 resting against a fixed part of the cutter carriage tilts the carriage 320 into the desired position to position the finishing cutters properly relatively to the block axis. The axis 322 is directly below the cutter axis, considered relatively to the plane of the cutter carriage, so that a shift of one-quarter inch or more parallel to this plane will not change the vertical distance of the cutter axis taken perpendicular to the plane of the cutter'carriage by an amount great enough to cause inaccurate reproduction. The carriage 320 is then bolted to the cuttercarriage frame by a bolt and slot connection at 326.

The model wheel center moves in a plane parallel to the guides 274 and passing through the axis of the model. A similar relation existsbetween the cutters and the block axes.

In Fig. 13 is shown an arrangement of gearing in the box 86 which will permit the turning of two lasts like the model or of a 25 lar to the swing frame.

-35 does around the cutter.

The plane containing the two block axes is preferably perpendicular to the planes in which the model wheel carriage and cutter carriage reciprocate and the line joining 5 the two cutting instrumentalities is also perpendicular to this plane. The cutting instrumentalities and the model wheel directly and rectilinea-rly approach and recede from the blocks and the model, respectively. This avoids a difiiculty inherent in machines heretofore used relative to the cutting of right and "left lasts from the same model. The ordinary last lathe'having a pendulum'swing frame swinging in the arc of a circle about an axis at the top of the machine is unable to turn a right and left last which are exact reflections for the following reason:

lVhen the cone of the model is rolling over the model wheel and is, for instance, above the center of the model wheel the-cone-of the of the model and the cone of the block occupy different positions relative to the model wheel and cutter. In the language of the last lathe operator one wraps around the model wheel'more (or less) than the other This causes a lateral dislocation of the tip of the cone in the block, and it is obvious that the lateral ex tent of these dislocations will vary through out the length of the last since they depend 40 upon the amount of the swing of the swing frame at the instantsof reproduction. The result is an'actual twist around the horizontal axis of the last. This difficulty is avoided by the present machine since there is no swing frame in the true sense of the word,

the relative approach of the operating instrumentalities and the blocks and model being along strictly straight lines and there being therefore no possibility of different 7 relations between them above and below the center of the cutters and model wheel, respectively.

The slidable rack 230 enables me to produce any arbitrarily desirable variation in the length grade. If the rack were motionless, the machine shown would grade with rigid accuracy, producing blocks which would be exactly proportional to the model in all longitudinal dimensions. By moving the rack during the turning, I am enabled to vary this uniformity of longitudinal grade lnany desired way and am enabled to move the rack in any desired way by 'a proper shaping of the cams 198 and 1200. The movement of the rackis exactly proportional to the irregularity in longitudinal movement of the model carriage produced by it, and the development of the cam is therefore simplified. Equal increments of movement of the rack 250 will produce equal increments of irregularity in the 'length grade at all times. This function is of peculiar value in the designing of new models, although this machine is not confined to model making. A new model is often ordered and defined by certain differences which it is desired that it shall have from an already existing model. Often these differences consist largely or entirely of changes in longitudinal proportions. The shoemaker may want the ball moved forward or backward slightly in the model he submits, or he may want a longer toe extension. Such models can be produced mechanically on my machine in a few minutes and at very slight expense, whereas it has been necessary to produce them by 'hand labor of skilled model makers which involves a considerable expense. I do not claim broadly the variation of length grading of a last as that is the invention of another, but I believe that 1 am the first to produce a machine in which irregular length grading of any desired variety can be produced at will. The cams 198, 200 can, of course, be so shaped that the machine will grade uniformly during any desired part of the cutting of the last and :grade nonuniformly during the remaining part or parts of the cutting. If it weredesired to extend the toe on a model submitted, the machine would be adjusted to grade from the toe tip to the ball and then to grade uniformly from the ball to the heel. Other uses of my novel length grading mechanism will be apparent without further description. The two cams 198,200 are furnished merely for convenience in operation. A single cam, the length of the model, would do as well.

I secure a very valuable result by means of my novel model dog shifting mechanism. It is well known that the width grader on the last lathe in ordinary use fails to operate satisfactorily in that it changes the sole profile of'the lasts cut by means of it. The width grader automatically increases the dimensions on the model taken perpendi cular to its axis of rotation and results, therefore, in bending down the sole profile of wide lasts and vice versa. This will be apparent when it is considered that the model is hung from its toe tip and the middle of the heel and that the bottom of the ball is farther from the axis of rotation than any other points of the sole of the last. This will result in the ball of the work being dropped farther than any other point by the width grader, which will resultin bowing down the sole profile. This 1 systematic change in lasts as their width increases has no anatomical meaning what ever and causes the wide and narrow lasts to fit poorly. My novel model shifting mecha nism permits the model to be displaced relatively to its axis by an arbitrary amount at any pointin the cutting. Thus the perpendicular distances from points in the sole profile to the instantaneous axis of rotation can be made arbitrary at the instant at which the model wheel is passing over such points in the sole profile. Since the distances from the axis of rotation of the blocks to the corresponding points in thesole profile are equal to the before-mentioned distances multiplied by the width grading ratio, these distances in the blocks may therefore be made arbitrary and a last having any arbitrary sole profile may be produced from any model with any desired width grading ratio. For example, suppose that it is required to reproduce exactly, aside from length grading, the sole profile of the model. Let c be the radius of a point of the model sole profile, referred to the initial, normal axis of rotation (through the toe tip and the middle of the heel). Then the model must be raised a distance as such that, if r is the width grading (magnification) ratio,

and the cam must be designed to produce the proper quantity w for each point of the sole profile. Since 1" lies ordinarily between 0.9 and 1.2

positioning of the model axis corresponding to the traverse of the model wheel over a desired point of the model by shifting one end of the model. By means of my invention, I am enabled to shift both ends of the model at once, thereby keeping its axis always parallel to itself. Thus in effect I am enabled to divide the last into thin differential slices all taken strictly parallel, and perpendicular to its main longitudinal axis and to shift these sections to an arbitrary position relative to the axis of rotation of the centers at the instant that these sections are being reproduced in the block. The rigid parallelism of these sections avoids a distortional difficulty which has been experienced in using machines that move one end of the model and therefore tilt it slightly by varying degrees during the reproduction. I I

It will be observed that equal increments of rotation of the shafts 206, 208 produce equal increments of transverse movement of the model dogs. The development of the controlling cams is thus made quite simple.

By moving both ends of the model in the same way, I am enabled rigorously to secure the effect of sawing the model into parallel laminae, shifting these laminae upon each other and reproducing the distorted model through the width grading ratio; 01', stated in other language, I am able to reproduce the model inthe ordinary way through the width grading ratio and shift a system of parallel laminae in the block in order to acquire the sole profile desired. I can, of course, shift one end of the model alone according to the method previously proposed or can shift both ends of the model independently in the same or in opposite directions, if desired. The pivotal mounting at 112 allows a degree of freedom in case this operation is performed, insuring that the dogs will not get loose on the model as it tilts. I have shown also in Figs. 15 and 16, an alternative construction of rack 116 and pinion 154; in which the rack'is curved on a' radius substantially equal to the length of a model. This structure will facilitate the tilting operation, if it is desired to perform it.

The use of this mechanism will be apparent to those skilled in the art without exwill ordinarily be combined in ordinary work.

Having described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is 1. In a pattern copying machine, means for rotating a model, and means for automatically shifting the model bodily rela I tively to the axis of rotation in order to alter the normal relations between reproduced differential elements.

2. In a last turning lathe, means for rotating a model, and means for automatically shifting the model bodily relatively to the axis of rotation, at an arbitrarily variable rate. I

3. In a last turning lathe, means for rotating a model, and means for automatically shifting the model bodily relatively to the axis of rotation, by predeterminedly variable amounts, the shifting movement having a substantially longer period than the rotatronal movement.

4. In a last lathe, guiding and cutting instrumentalities, model holding mechanism and block holding mechanism, constructed and arranged to revolve the model and block, and to present them to said instrumentalities respectively in similar relations, and means modifying the action of a holding mechanism for bodily shifting the entire object held by that mechanism relatively to its axis of rotation at a rate controllable during the cutting of a last.

5. In a pattern copying machine, guiding and cutting instrumentalities, model holding mechanism and block holding mechanism, constructed and arranged to revolve the model and block, and to present them to said instrumentalities respectively in similar relations, and a continuous control for a holding mechanism for bodily shifting the entire model relatively to its axis of rotation at a rate variable automatically during the cutting of a last.

6. In a last lathe, guiding and cutting instrumentalities, model holding mechanism and block holding mechanism, constructed and arranged to revolve the model and block, and to present them to said instrumentalities respectively in similar relations, and means for bodily shifting the model relatively to its axis of rotation at a rate variable during the uninterrupted cutting of a last.

7. In a last lathe, guiding and cutting instrumentalities, model holding mechanism and block holding mechanism, constructed and arranged to revolve the model and block, and to present them to said instrumentalities respectively in similar relations, and cam operated means for bodily shifting the model relatively to its axis of rotation automatically at a rate non-uniform during the cutting of a last.

8. In a last turning lathe, a model wheel, a cutter, a frame having centers for supporting and rotating a model and a block in operating relation to said wheel and cutter, the centers of one of said objects comprising toe and heel dog mechanism constructed and arranged to move the dogs relatively to the axis of rotation of said centers at a rate variable during the cutting of the last.

9. In a last turning lathe, a model wheel and cutter, carriages having centers for supporting and rotating a model and a block respectively, dogs movably mounted on said centers for supporting one of said objects, and connections between one of said 7 carriages and said dogs for moving said dogs relatively to the axis of said centers at a rate controllable during the cutting of a last.

10. In a last turning lathe, a model wheel and cutter, carriages having centers for supporting and rotating a model and block respectively, dogs movably mounted on said centers for supporting one of said objects, and connections between one of said carriages and said dogs for moving said dogs relatively to the axis of said centers at a rate automatically controllable during the cutting of a last,

11. In a last turning lathe, a model wheel and cutter, carriages having centers for supporting and rotating a model and block respectively, dogs movably mounted on said centers for supporting one of said objects and connections between one of said carriages and said dogs, comprising means adjustably mounted on the carriage for moving said dogs relatively to the axis of the centers during the cutting of a last.

12. In a last turning lathe, model and work carriages, grading mechanism, centers for supporting and rotating a model and a block, dogs movably mounted on said centers for supporting one of said objects, and cam-operated means for moving said dogs relatively to the axis of said centers during the cutting and grading of a last while preserving the pantographic nature of the reproduction.

13. In a last turning lathe, a model wheel and cutter model and block rotating instrumentalities, comprising dogs for supporting one of said objects at both ends, and movable toward and away from the axis of rotation during the cutting of a last, the movement during one revolution being small as compared with the least dimension of that part of the object treated during a revolution.

14. In a last turning lathe, a model wheel and cutter, model and block rotating instrumentalities, comprising dogs for supporting one of said objects at both ends, and movable toward and away from the axis of rotation during the cutting of a last, at a rate variable during the cutting, in such manner that the movement toward and away extends over several revolutions of the object.

15. In a last turning lathe, a model wheel and cutter, model and block rotating instrumentalities, comprising dogs for supporting one of said objects at both ends, and movable toward and away from the axis of rotation during the cutting of a last, at a rate arbitrarily determinable at any point of the cutting.

16. In a last turning lathe, a model wheel and cutter model and block rotating instru mentalities comprising dogs for supporting one of said objects at its extremities, and movable relatively to the axis of rotation in one direction, and later in the opposite direction, during the cutting of a last to alter the normal relation of progressively reproduced laminae.

17. In a last turning lathe, a model wheel and cutter model and block rotating instrumentalities comprising dogs for supporting one of said objects at its extremities, and movable relatively to the axis of rotation in one direction, and later in the opposite direction, during the cutting of a last, at an automatically controllable rate.

18. In a pattern copying machine, the combination of a head-stock and tail-stock, heel and toe dogs respectively mounted on the spindles thereof, and means for shifting both of said dogs transversely to the spindles.

19. In a pattern copying machine, the combination of a head-stock and tail-stock, heel and toe dogs respectively mounted on the spindles thereof, and means for shifting both of said dogs relatively and perpendicularly to their respective spindles simultaneously.

20. In a last turning lathe, the combination of a headstock and tail-stock, means for rotating their spindles simultaneously,

heel and toe dogs respectively mounted. on

said spindles, and means for shifting both of said dogs simultaneously transversely to their respective spindles, said mechanism being constructed for movement of the said dogs relatively toward and from each other to engage lasts of varying lengths.

21. In a last turning lathe, the combination of a head-stock and a tail-stock, means for rotating the spindles of both of said stocks, heel and toe dogs respectively mounted on said spindles and a cam-operated mechanism for shifting said dogs laterally on their respective stocks, the displacements being all in the same direction over a substantial part of the last length.

22. In a machine of the class described, model holding instrumentalities, a .work holding instrumentality, model and work traversing instrumentalities, and cam connections operated in longitudinal space relation to the production of the work for moving the model holding instrumentalities simultaneously equal amounts in the same direction relatively to the work holding instrumentality during the last cutting.

23. In a machine of the class described, a model contacting member, an instrumentality supporting a model for cooperation with said member, a work contacting member, an instrumentality for supporting the work for cooperation with said work con tacting member, and means for laterally displacing one of said instrumentahtles ranged to rotate the model, and means ar-.

ranged in timed relation to the longitudinal production ofthe Work controllable to shift the dogs laterally relatively to the axis of rotation in either the same or in opposite directions.

25. In a machine of the class described, a model holding means comprising dogs arranged to rotate the model, and a cam and connections arranged in timed relation to the longitudinal production of the work controllable to shift the dogs laterally relatively to the axis of rotation in either the same or in opposite directions in an arbitrarily predetermined manner. I

26. In a machine of the class described, a work carriage, a tool carriage, a model carriage, and a guide carriage, the latter two governing the relation between the former two, and dog controlling means for moving the ends of the model transversely to the axis of the dogs independently relatively to the model carriage.

27. In a machine of the class described, a work carriage, a tool carrier, a model carriage and a guide carrier, the carriages having instrumentalities for holding and ro-.

tating work and model respectively, the reaction between the latter tWo governing the relation between the former two, and means operated in time relation to thelongitudinal production of the work and controllable for moving the holding instrumentalities of one of the carriages translationally relativelyto the carriage independently in either the same or in different directions.

28. In a last lathe, the combination of a head-stock and a tail-stock, heel and toe dogs respectively mounted onthe spindles thereof, and means for shifting both of said dogs transversely to their respective spindles independently.

29. In a last turning lathe, a model Wheel and cutter, carriages having'centers for supporting and rotating a model and ablock respectively, dogs movably mounted on said centers for supportin one of said objects, and connections between one of said carriages and said dogs for controllably moving said dogs relatively to the axis of said centers, the extremes of the movement being reached during different revolutions. V j

30. In a last turning lathe, a model wheel, a cutter, a frame having centers for supporting and rotating a model and a block in operating relation to said wheel and cutter, the centers of one of said objects comprising toe and heel dogs constructed and ar- 

